All across this planet, 在这个星球上,
young animals in the wild must learn how to survive and thrive. 野生小动物必须学会如何生存和繁衍.
They are taught these life lessons by their parents, 他们的父母教他们这些人生课程,
but also by the other members of their communities. 但他们的社区的其他成员也是如此.
Each will follow a very different path. 每个人都将走一条截然不同的道路.
Some will become great hunters. 有些人会成为伟大的猎人.
Others will learn the secrets of the forest. 其他人将了解森林的秘密.
They will all face unique challenges 他们都将面临独特的挑战
and master different skills, 掌握不同的技能,,
passed down generations. 代代相传.
Five remarkable young animals. 五只杰出的小动物.
Five incredible tales of growing up wild. 五个难以置信的野生成长故事.
In the white-capped peaks of Alaska,it's late spring. 在阿拉斯加白顶的山峰上,时值晚春.
Soon much of this snow will have melted. 很快大部分的雪就会融化.
But at the moment it's concealing a cozy home. 但现在它隐藏着一个舒适的家.
The winter den of a mother brown bear and her two tiny cubs. 一只母棕熊和她的两只小熊的冬季巢穴.
The cubs were born in here. 幼崽就是在这里出生的.
They're only a few months old, 他们只有几个月大,
and their mother's been looking after them all on her own. 他们的母亲一直在独自照顾他们.
She dug them this warm den 她把他们挖到这个温暖的洞穴里
and lined it with dry grass months ago. 几个月前用干草铺了一条路.
And even though she hasn't eaten since entering, 尽管她进来后就没吃过东西,
she's still been producing milk for her cubs. 她仍然在为她的幼崽生产牛奶.
It's one of the things that make bears 这是造成熊的原因之一
different from our other animal families. 与我们其他的动物家族不同.
But there's a problem. 但是有个问题.
The fat reserves the mother built up last summer, 母亲去年夏天积累的脂肪储备,
in preparation for hibernation,are running out, 在准备冬眠的时候,它们都快用完了,
and,therefore,so is the milk the cubs need. 因此,幼崽需要的牛奶也是如此.
Soon hunger will force them to take their first steps 很快饥饿就会迫使他们迈出第一步
outside the safety of their den 在他们巢穴的安全之外
to embark on an incredible journey. 开始一段不可思议的旅程.
One of great risk and great reward. 一个有巨大风险和巨大回报的人.
Only one in three cubs is likely 可能只有三分之一的幼崽是这样
to make it to their first birthday. 来庆祝他们的一岁生日.
This will be the most important year of their lives. 这将是他们一生中最重要的一年.
On the open plains of Africa, 在非洲开阔的平原上,
another single mom is introducing her brand-new cubs 另一位单身妈妈正在介绍她的新宝宝
to their brand-new world. 去他们崭新的世界.
Five baby cheetahs and their adoring mother. 五只小猎豹和它们崇拜的母亲.
No den for these cubs. 这些幼崽没有巢穴.
They were born right here on these grasslands. 他们就出生在这片草原上.
It might seem serene here, 这里似乎很平静,
but life in this place is extremely difficult 但这里的生活非常艰难
and dangerous. 而且很危险.
To survive, 为了生存,
these young cats will have to follow in their mother's footsteps 这些小猫将不得不跟随妈妈的脚步
and become the fastest hunters on Earth. 成为地球上最快的猎人.
She alone will train them, 只有她会训练他们,
push them to their limits 把他们推到极限
and prepare them for their fiercest enemies. 让他们为最凶猛的敌人做好准备.
Not far away lives another majestic feline family. 不远处住着另一个雄伟的猫科动物家族.
A family very different from the cheetahs in so many ways. 一个在很多方面与猎豹非常不同的家族.
A young lion cub grows up in a family of 12 or more relatives, 一只幼狮幼崽在一个有12个或更多亲戚的家庭中长大,
much larger than that of a cheetah. 比猎豹大得多.
He has plenty of cousins to play with. 他有很多表兄弟姐妹可以一起玩.
He has numerous aunts 他有许多姑姑
and a loving mother to nurture him. 还有一位慈爱的母亲来养育他.
And,above all of them, 最重要的是,
a mighty warrior protector,his father. 一个强大的战士保护者,他的父亲.
One day the cub may rule his own land, 有一天幼崽可以统治自己的土地,
but before then, 但在那之前,,
he must come to understand his place in the pride, 他必须了解自己在骄傲中的地位,
and how the family unites to overcome their greatest adversary. 以及家庭如何团结起来战胜他们最大的对手.
Buffalo. 水牛
In Sri Lanka, 在斯里兰卡,
abandoned ruins serve as a home to an even bigger family. 废弃的废墟是一个更大家庭的家园.
These are Toque macaques. 这些是玩具猕猴.
They live in a society of about 50 members, 他们生活在一个大约有50人的社会里,
far larger and more complex than any cat or bear family. 比任何猫或熊家族都要大得多、复杂得多.
Life as a young monkey might look like a barrel of laughs, 小猴子的生活可能看起来像一桶笑声,
but they're all governed by a strict social order. 但他们都受到严格的社会秩序的支配.
Being part of a troop is great for protection and food, 成为部队的一员对保护和食物都有好处,
but it comes at a cost. 但这是有代价的.
How important you are and what you're allowed to eat 你有多重要,你可以吃什么
all depends on who your mother is. 一切都取决于你母亲是谁.
The high-born kids are treated like royalty. 出身高贵的孩子被当作皇室成员对待.
While the lower-class kids 而下层阶级的孩子
are reminded every minute of every day where they stand. 每一分钟都在提醒他们所处的每一天.
This is no place to try and get above yourself. 这不是试图超越自己的地方.
For the lowest of the low,like this little guy, 对于最底层的人,比如这个小家伙,
it makes daily life a real uphill battle. 它使日常生活成为一场真正的艰苦战斗.
He's the last in line for everything, 他是所有事情的最后一个,
and has to find ways to survive on the very edge of society. 必须找到在社会边缘生存的方法.
Our fifth story takes place in a great rainforest 我们的第五个故事发生在一片大雨林中
in the wild heart of Africa. 在非洲的中心地带.
The forest is just waking up. 森林刚刚苏醒.
And so is this curious young chimpanzee. 这只好奇的年轻黑猩猩也是如此.
Unlike the rigid hierarchy of the macaques, 与恒河猴严格的等级制度不同,
this guy lives in a much more relaxed 这家伙住在一个更放松的地方
community of about 30 relatives. 社区大约有30位亲戚.
These chimpanzees are the most advanced of our five animal families, 这些黑猩猩是我们五个动物家族中最先进的,
and have developed some truly amazing skills 并且发展出了一些真正惊人的技能
that few others can match. 很少有人能比得上.
This knowledge is passed down 这种知识是传下来的
from one generation to the next. 从一代到下一代.
It helps the oldest,wisest chimps to lead the troop. 它帮助最年长、最聪明的黑猩猩领导队伍.
Such wisdom may take the young chimp 20 years to acquire. 这种智慧可能需要年轻的黑猩猩20年才能获得.
Along the way, 一路上,,
he'll need to learn to distinguish 他需要学会辨别
between skills that are actually useful 在实际有用的技能之间
and skills that are 以及那些
not so useful. 没那么有用.
This journey of understanding 理解之旅
will draw on the knowledge of the whole troop 将利用整个部队的知识
and all of its elders. 还有它所有的长者.
There's no going it alone 这是不可能的
for a young chimp growing up in the wild. 对于一只在野外长大的小黑猩猩来说.
The first few months of a young animal's life 幼兽生命的最初几个月
are a time of pure amazement. 这是一个纯粹惊奇的时代.
But there are also great dangers. 但也存在巨大的危险.
Unlike our other animals, 与其他动物不同,
bears hibernate in the safety of their den for the entire winter, 熊整个冬天都在巢穴的安全处冬眠,
when there's no food to be had. 当没有食物吃的时候.
But it's late spring,and the mother is starving. 但现在是晚春,母亲正在挨饿.
It is time to go find food. 是时候去找食物了.
The first great threat our cubs must face 我们的幼崽必须面对的第一大威胁
is the enormous spring thaw in the mountains. 是山里巨大的春天融化.
Deep cracks in the glaciers 冰川上的深裂缝
make certain areas too treacherous to cross. 使某些区域过于危险而无法穿越.
And the unstable,softening snow can turn one wrong footstep 而不稳定、软化的雪可能会让人走错一步
into a deadly disaster. 变成一场致命的灾难.
Within five seconds, 五秒钟之内,
an avalanche can reach 80 miles per hour. 雪崩的速度可达每小时80英里.
The largest can travel two miles downhill. 最大的一辆可以下山两英里.
One hundred thousand tons of snow,ice and rock 十万吨雪、冰和岩石
consumes all before it. 消耗它之前的一切.
Any bear caught in its icy grip will be swept to its death. 任何被它冰冷的手抓住的熊都会被卷走而死.
However,our cubs are lucky. 然而,我们的幼崽是幸运的.
Their mother knows a safe route. 他们的母亲知道一条安全的路线.
One she learned from her mother years ago. 她几年前从她母亲那里学到的.
Her fat reserves are almost gone. 她的脂肪储备几乎消失了.
She's lost 40% of her body weight 她体重减轻了40%
and soon her milk will run out. 很快她的牛奶就要喝光了.
Before then she needs to reach the coast 在那之前,她需要到达海岸
and the food that they so desperately need. 还有他们迫切需要的食物.
Back on the African plains, 回到非洲平原,
our cheetah family faces a very different challenge. 我们的猎豹家族面临着完全不同的挑战.
While the bears must survive 而熊必须生存
their environment literally collapsing around them, 他们周围的环境正在崩溃,
these cubs must contend with the other animals 这些幼崽必须和其他动物竞争
that share their environment. 共享他们的环境.
They're only two months old. 他们只有两个月大.
They're still adjusting to this diverse grassland community 他们仍然在适应这个多样化的草原社区
and they have yet to learn friend from foe. 他们还没有从敌人那里学习到朋友.
Guess that's what mothers are for. 我猜这就是母亲的职责.
She's also the one who will teach them to hunt. 她也是教他们打猎的人.
Her cubs will soon be fully weaned. 她的幼崽很快就会完全断奶.
It's time for them to learn the art of the chase. 是时候让他们学习追逐的艺术了.
Not far away, 不远处,
another would-be hunter is learning the ropes. 另一个潜在的猎人正在学习绳索.
The large pride supporting our lion cub 支持我们幼狮的巨大骄傲
makes his early formative years 使他早年成长
markedly different from the cheetahs'. 与猎豹的明显不同.
And different threats 以及不同的威胁
require different defensive skills. 需要不同的防守技巧.
Don't be fooled into thinking these buffalo are just big,gentle cattle. 别以为这些水牛只是又大又温和的牛.
They are 2,000 pounds of don't-mess-with-me. 它们有2000磅重,别惹我.
They are one of the few animals that willfully kill lions. 它们是少数故意杀死狮子的动物之一.
The mother needs to move her cub to safety. 母亲需要把她的幼崽移到安全的地方.
Some of the buffalo herd work to scatter the lion pride. 一些水牛群努力驱散狮子的骄傲.
Others target the cubs. 其他人则以幼崽为目标.
This mother attempts to draw the buffalo away. 这位母亲试图把水牛拖走.
Safe for the moment. 暂时安全.
The terrified cub panics. 吓坏了的小熊惊慌失措.
Surrounded and all alone,he makes a critical error. 他被包围,孤身一人,犯了一个严重的错误.
He calls out for his mother. 他大声呼唤他的母亲.
But it's the buffalo who hear his cries. 但是水牛听到了他的叫声.
Suddenly,his mother leaps into the fray 突然,他的母亲跳进了争吵
and leads a bold counter-offensive. 领导大胆的反攻.
The rest of the pride join the attack. 其余的骄傲者加入了攻击.
At last, 最后
the mother locates her cub. 母亲找到了她的幼崽.
The bond between a mother and her cub 母亲和幼崽之间的纽带
is as strong a force as any in nature. 是自然界中最强大的力量.
And with the rest of the pride to back her up, 用剩下的骄傲来支持她,
right now her cub has a much greater shot at survival 现在她的幼崽有更大的生存机会
than many other young animals. 比许多其他的小动物都要好.
In Alaska,our bear family has reached their destination. 在阿拉斯加,我们的熊一家已经到达了目的地.
They've made it through the mountains, 他们穿过了群山,
down to the lush coastal meadows. 一直到茂盛的海岸草地.
Unlike the lion cub, 不像狮子幼崽,
these young bears have only their mother to look after them. 这些小熊只有妈妈照顾.
Exploring their world for the first time, 第一次探索他们的世界,
they are in a permanent state of wonder. 他们处于一种永久的惊奇状态.
And for good reason. 有充分的理由.
All the bears have come out of hibernation. 所有的熊都从冬眠中醒来了.
Like the cubs' mother, 就像小熊的妈妈一样,
they've slept all winter without eating, 他们整个冬天都没吃东西就睡了,
and they're really hungry. 他们真的很饿.
Hungry enough to eat grass. 饿得可以吃草了.
Fresh sedge grass quells their immediate hunger 新鲜的莎草可以缓解他们的饥饿感
and is easy to digest. 而且容易消化.
But it's not particularly appetizing. 但它并不特别开胃.
The good thing is,you don't have 好的是,你没有
to waste any energy trying to find it, 浪费精力去寻找它,
which is ideal for the cubs, 这是幼崽们的理想选择,
since,leaving their den,they've hit a growth spurt 自从离开他们的巢穴后,他们的成长突飞猛进
and are constantly hungry. 而且经常挨饿.
Experienced older bears have learned 经验丰富的老熊已经学会了
that this is a time for eating all you can 这是一个吃尽你所能的时间
and conserving your strength. 保存你的力量.
Now the cubs' mother doesn't have 现在幼崽的妈妈没有孩子了
the option of laying around. 选择在周围躺着.
After six months without food, 六个月没吃东西了,
she needs the protein-rich grass to keep her milk flowing. 她需要富含蛋白质的草来保持牛奶的流动.
Her growing cubs are now demanding 她正在成长的幼崽现在要求
four times as much milk as they did in the den. 四倍于他们在巢穴里喝的牛奶.
Both cubs are greedy for all the milk they can get. 这两只幼崽都渴望得到它们能得到的所有牛奶.
They aren't satisfied unless they get 除非他们得到满足,否则他们不会满意
45 ounces of milk a day. 每天45盎司牛奶.
And if one of them suspects the other 如果其中一个怀疑另一个
of getting an extra ounce or two on the side, 额外增加一两盎司,
watch out. 小心
Their mother knows the cubs must learn 它们的妈妈知道幼崽必须学习
not to draw attention to themselves. 不要把注意力吸引到自己身上.
There are dangerous bears here they need to avoid. 这里有危险的熊,他们需要避免.
The biggest males can weigh as much as 1,000 pounds. 最大的雄性体重可达1000磅.
Three times bigger than their mother. 比他们妈妈大三倍.
Someday,our cubs,too,may have to face down rivals 总有一天,我们的幼崽也可能不得不面对对手
in such open displays of strength. 在这种公开的力量展示中.
But right now,it's the bears they can't see 但现在,他们看不见的是熊
that they need to be worried about. 这是他们需要担心的.
A large,starving male has caught their scent. 一只饥饿的雄性大熊猫闻到了它们的气味.
He will kill and eat them if he can. 如果可以的话,他会杀死并吃掉它们.
The mother is desperate to get them to the safety of cover. 母亲不顾一切地想把他们送到安全的地方.
But it's too late. 但是太晚了.
Their pursuer is upon them. 他们的追捕者正在追捕他们.
The cost of being a single mother 单身母亲的代价
now becomes clear. 现在情况清楚了.
Unlike the lions,she has no sisters 不像狮子,她没有姐妹
to help her protect her cubs. 帮助她保护她的幼崽.
She's completely on her own. 她完全靠自己.
In the midst of the attack,she loses track of her cubs. 在攻击过程中,她失去了幼崽的踪迹.
It's exactly what the big male 这正是那个大男人想要的
has been waiting for. 一直在等待.
Attacks by male bears are one of the main causes of cub deaths. 雄熊的袭击是幼熊死亡的主要原因之一.
But not this time. 但这次不是.
While he's thrown off trying to track their scent, 当他试图追踪他们的气味时,
the mother seizes her chance to get her cubs to safety. 母亲抓住机会把她的幼崽送到安全的地方.
A mother is a cub's best defense against all threats. 母亲是幼崽抵御一切威胁的最佳防御.
Just surviving the dangers of day-to-day life 只是在日常生活的危险中幸存下来
can be a trial for young animals. 这对小动物来说是一个考验.
But they must also learn to feed themselves. 但他们也必须学会养活自己.
It's dawn in the jungle palace of Sri Lanka. 斯里兰卡丛林宫殿的黎明.
The locals are just waking up, 当地人刚刚醒来,
and are hungry for breakfast. 他们饿着吃早饭.
The monkeys' search for food is constant. 猴子们不断地寻找食物.
And today,they've descended upon 而今天,他们已经降临到
a banyan tree full of ripe figs. 一棵盛产成熟无花果的榕树.
Nearly 80% of their diet is fruit. 他们几乎80%的饮食是水果.
But fruit lacks one vital element,protein. 但水果缺少一种重要元素,蛋白质.
Some members of the troop, 一些部队成员,,
if they're crafty enough and lucky enough, 如果他们够狡猾够幸运,
will find one of the richest sources of protein, 将发现最丰富的蛋白质来源之一,
birds' eggs. 鸟蛋.
Call it an extra-soft omelet. 称之为超软蛋卷.
An easier and less goopy alternative are mushrooms. 蘑菇是一种更容易和不太粘的替代品.
They taste pretty good,too. 味道也不错.
At a lily pond on the outskirts of the ruins, 在废墟外围的一个荷花池,
these highly resourceful macaques have developed 这些资源丰富的猕猴已经发育成熟
a surprisingly innovative and unusual method 令人惊讶的创新和不同寻常的方法
of foraging for food. 寻找食物的过程.
The young watch and learn from their mothers. 年轻人从母亲那里观察和学习.
The seed heads of the lily pads are delicious and nutritious. 百合花垫的头状花序味道鲜美,营养丰富.
But they're not all easy pickings, 但它们并不都是容易挑选的,
and this is where the macaques get creative. 这就是猕猴的创造力所在.
Remarkably,they've learned to dive underwater. 值得注意的是,他们已经学会了在水下潜水.
They're proficient swimmers 他们是游泳能手
and can find food hidden in the depths of the pond. 能在池塘深处找到食物.
They stash what they find in cheek pouches,to eat later. 他们把发现的东西藏在眼袋里,以后再吃.
For intelligent animals, 对于聪明的动物,
this is one of the great advantages of living in a large group. 这是大群体生活的最大优势之一.
When one individual develops a new skill, 当一个人发展出一项新技能,
the others can learn to follow their lead. 其他人可以学习跟随他们的领导.
In the African rainforest, 在非洲雨林,
our chimpanzees have taken this form of passed-down knowledge 我们的黑猩猩接受了这种形式的知识传承
to a whole new level. 达到一个全新的水平.
They live in one of the most diverse habitats on Earth. 它们生活在地球上最多样化的栖息地之一.
It can take a lifetime to learn the secrets of survival here. 在这里学习生存的秘密可能需要一生的时间.
To do so,young chimps draw on the collective know-how 为了做到这一点,年轻的黑猩猩利用了集体知识
of the whole troop. 全体部队的一员.
The old-timers know the most tricks. 老一辈人知道的把戏最多.
This little guy is learning about the fruits of the forest. 这个小家伙正在学习森林的果实.
For chimps,fruit is survival. 对黑猩猩来说,水果就是生存.
The elders have learned that the forest 长老们已经知道森林
produces different types of fruit 生产不同类型的水果
at different times of year. 在一年中的不同时间.
They teach the young chimps which tree is in fruit when, 他们教小黑猩猩哪棵树结果实,
and how best to eat it. 以及吃它的最佳方式.
This tough wooden boomerang is actually the fruit of a Xylia tree. 这个坚硬的木制回飞棒实际上是一棵木犀树的果实.
It's a lot of work to get to a few seeds. 要得到几个种子需要做很多工作.
And that's enough with the exhausting Xylia. 这已经足够让人筋疲力尽的Xylia了.
On to the next fruit. 继续吃下一个水果.
Deep in the forest there's a river 森林深处有一条河
where other softer fruit is in season. 其他较软的水果的季节.
Adults collect the fruit and carry it to the stream. 成年人收集水果并把它带到小溪里.
They've learned to wash the dirt off before they eat them. 他们学会了在吃之前先把脏东西洗掉.
It's not the most sophisticated style of eating, 这不是最复杂的饮食方式,
but the young chimp dutifully emulates it. 但是年轻的黑猩猩忠实地模仿它.
After generations of trial and error, 经过几代人的反复试验,
this is the technique the chimps have developed 这是黑猩猩发展出来的技术
to get the best out of the fruit. 从水果中得到最好的东西.
Just when you think all the juice is gone,one last trick. 就在你认为所有的果汁都没了的时候,最后一个窍门.
Add a little water,and go again. 加一点水,然后再去.
Mmm. 嗯.
Mmm-hmm. 嗯嗯.
Still good. 还不错.
But there's more to subsistence 但生存还有很多
than re-chewing already chewed fruit. 而不是重新咀嚼已经咀嚼过的水果.
The next level of food-figuring 食物计算的下一个层次
will involve an ingenious technique 将涉及一种巧妙的技术
that few creatures have discovered. 这是很少有生物发现的.
For other animals,the challenge isn't just what food to eat, 对于其他动物来说,挑战不仅仅是吃什么食物,
it's learning how to find it in the first place. 它首先要学习如何找到它.
On the Alaskan coast,when the tide retreats, 在阿拉斯加海岸,退潮时,
it reveals vast mudflats full of food,if you know where to look. 如果你知道去哪里看的话,它会显示出充满食物的广阔泥滩.
The mother bear has brought her cubs 熊妈妈带来了她的幼崽
to the safety of an open beach 为了露天海滩的安全
where dangerous bears can't sneak up on them. 危险的熊不能偷偷靠近他们.
And better yet,she knows where to find food here. 更妙的是,她知道在这里哪里可以找到食物.
It's time to show the cubs how to feed on fresh clams. 是时候向幼崽展示如何以新鲜蛤蜊为食了.
It's a bit of an art. 这是一门艺术.
A bear's nose, 熊的鼻子,
which is over a thousand times 超过一千倍
more sensitive than ours, 比我们更敏感,,
is perfect for sniffing out the buried shellfish. 非常适合嗅出埋藏的贝类.
This is the cubs' first trip to the seaside, 这是小熊第一次去海边,
and they are,understandably, 可以理解的是,
a little overwhelmed by the moment. 这一刻有点不知所措.
There are other young bears enjoying the safety of this beach. 还有其他的小熊享受着这个海滩的安全.
A year or so ago, 一年多前,,
they were also with their mothers,learning to dig for clams. 他们也和母亲在一起,学习挖蛤蜊.
And after all this time, 经过这么长时间,
they still haven't forgotten how to horse around. 他们还没有忘记如何骑马.
This playful tussling serves an important purpose. 这种有趣的扭打有着重要的作用.
It helps them work out who's stronger 这有助于他们找出谁更强壮
and may prevent actual deadly fights 并可能阻止真正的致命战斗
or serious injury when they're fully grown. 或者在他们完全长大后严重受伤.
But not all visitors to this beach are here to play. 但并不是所有来到这个海滩的游客都是来这里玩的.
The big bear is back. 大熊回来了.
He is a constant reminder to this family 他经常提醒这个家庭
that they can never let their guard down. 他们永远不会放松警惕.
In Sri Lanka,the macaques' search for food is never-ending. 在斯里兰卡,猕猴对食物的搜寻是永无止境的.
One low-ranking monkey doesn't have 一只地位低下的猴子没有
the energy to join in with the rest. 与其他人一起参与的能量.
The high-class kids are well-fed,full of energy and confidence. 高年级的孩子们吃得很好,充满活力和自信.
They make no secret of the fact that he's not one of them. 他们毫不掩饰他不是他们中的一员.
Worse still,when the troop does find food, 更糟糕的是,当部队找到食物时,
only the social elite get to feed on the tastiest flowers. 只有社会精英才能享用最美味的鲜花.
As the lowest of the low, 作为低层中的最底层,
he has to survive on scraps from above. 他只能靠上面的残片生存.
Weak from hunger, 饥寒交迫,,
he's too tired to hold his own. 他太累了,一个人撑不住了.
His chances of survival are fading fast. 他的生存机会正在迅速减少.
One of the group leaders,a large male,has noticed he's in trouble. 其中一位领队是一位身材高大的男性,他注意到自己有麻烦了.
Living on the edge of society leaves him open to attack. 生活在社会边缘使他容易受到攻击.
In an extraordinary gesture, 以非凡的姿态,,
the male leader takes pity on him. 男领导同情他.
It's rare, 这很少见,
but some species of primate do adopt vulnerable youngsters. 但有些灵长类动物确实收养了易受伤害的幼兽.
It's another advantage of living in a big troop. 这是住在大军中的另一个好处.
Most importantly, 最重要的是,
the big male can show the little monkey where to find food. 大公猴可以告诉小猴子在哪里找食物.
Caterpillars have appeared, 毛毛虫出现了,
hanging from the trees like wiggling fruit. 挂在树上,像摇摆的果实.
Juicy hawk moth caterpillars are the biggest and fattest. 多汁的鹰蛾毛虫是最大最胖的.
They're also the most difficult to reach. 它们也是最难接触到的.
The perfect time for monkeys 猴子的最佳时机
to show off their athleticism. 炫耀他们的运动能力.
The big caterpillars are beyond 大毛虫在远处
our little guy's grasp, 我们的小家伙抓住了,
but there are plenty of smaller ones 但也有很多较小的
grubbing around in the ruins. 在废墟中挖掘.
Caterpillars are a rich source of protein. 毛虫是蛋白质的丰富来源.
The perfect food for a hungry,growing youngster. 这是饥饿、成长中的年轻人的完美食物.
With a full belly,and someone to look out for him, 肚子鼓鼓的,有人照顾他,
life for this young macaque is finally looking up. 这只年轻猕猴的生活终于有了起色.
For some young animals, 对于一些小动物来说,
simply knowing where to find food isn't enough. 仅仅知道在哪里可以找到食物是不够的.
They must learn how to catch their food. 他们必须学会如何捕捉食物.
Food that can run from you. 能从你身上逃走的食物.
The mother cheetah is a master of this domain. 猎豹妈妈是这个领域的主人.
With five hungry mouths to feed, 有五张饥饿的嘴要喂,
she must hunt almost every day. 她几乎每天都要打猎.
And these cubs get first-hand lessons 这些幼崽得到了第一手的教训
from the fastest predator on the plains. 来自平原上速度最快的掠食者.
Their mother's explosive speed 他们母亲的爆发速度
makes her perfectly suited 使她非常适合
to targeting smaller antelope. 以较小的羚羊为目标.
Larger antelope are too strong 较大的羚羊太强壮了
for her to hunt on her own. 让她自己去打猎.
She's waiting for one to drop its guard. 她在等一个人掉以轻心.
To increase her chances, 为了增加她的机会,
she must get as close as she can 她必须尽可能靠近
before launching her attack. 在发动攻击之前.
Her growing cubs will eat well this evening. 她的幼崽今晚会吃得很好.
Larger prey living in herds are safe from a lone cheetah. 成群生活的较大猎物可以避开孤独的猎豹.
But a different kind of cat, 但是另一种猫,
with a totally different strategy, 用完全不同的策略,
can overcome a herd's defenses. 可以克服兽群的防御.
The young lion cub is about to watch 小狮子即将观看比赛
and learn how his family pride hunts. 了解他的家庭自豪感是如何影响他的.
Working together, 共同努力,
they can target zebra 20 times heavier 它们可以瞄准比它们重20倍的斑马
than the gazelle the cheetah hunted. 而不是猎豹猎杀的瞪羚.
These muscular felines use strength and surprise 这些肌肉发达的猫科动物使用力量和惊奇
rather than raw speed. 而不是原始速度.
The lionesses join forces to set an ambush. 母狮们联手设下伏击.
The cubs' mother takes the lead. 幼崽的妈妈带头.
Her job is to split the herd 她的工作是分散人群
and force some of them towards her sisters lying in wait. 强迫她们中的一些人接近她等着的姐妹们.
Her cub watches intently as the trap is set. 她的幼崽目不转睛地注视着陷阱的设置.
Hunting together increases the pride's chances of success. 一起狩猎增加了骄傲的成功机会.
It also improves their chances 这也增加了他们的机会
of keeping their food. 保持他们的食物.
A fresh kill is a prize that others would like to steal. 一次新的杀戮是其他人想要偷走的奖品.
The cheetah family have gorged on the gazelle. 猎豹一家狼吞虎咽地吃了瞪羚.
But the commotion of the hunt has attracted envious onlookers. 但狩猎的骚动吸引了嫉妒的旁观者.
Hyenas, 鬣狗,
a cheetah's worst nightmare. 猎豹最可怕的噩梦.
Hyenas are powerful enemies and will steal their food. 鬣狗是强大的敌人,它们会偷食物.
But worse,if they discover the young cubs... 但更糟糕的是,如果他们发现了幼崽...
they will hunt them down. 他们将追捕他们.
The mother's lost several cubs before. 这位母亲以前失去过几只幼崽.
She knows they're in extreme danger. 她知道他们处于极度危险之中.
But her greatest hunting asset now exposes a weakness. 但她最大的狩猎资产现在暴露出一个弱点.
A cheetah sacrifices bulk for speed. 猎豹为了速度而牺牲身体.
She's not built for this fight. 她不是为这场战斗而生的.
One bite from those savage jaws 那些凶猛的下颚咬了一口
and it's game over. 比赛结束了.
Their mother's lost sight of them. 他们的母亲看不见他们了.
They won't be safe until they're back by her side. 他们在回到她身边之前不会安全.
As the light fades, 随着光线的减弱,
so do their chances of survival. 他们的生存机会也是如此.
Hyenas hunt at night and can take their time to find the cubs. 鬣狗在夜间狩猎,可以花时间寻找幼崽.
The dawn brings hope. 黎明带来希望.
One little cub has made it. 一只小熊成功了.
Along with her two sisters. 还有她的两个姐姐.
But the two others are nowhere to be found. 但其他两人却无处可寻.
They've been taken in the night. 他们是在夜里被抓走的.
Even young animals who are born to hunt 甚至是生来就要狩猎的小动物
can fall prey to hunters. 可能成为猎人的猎物.
Finding food is seldom easy, 找到食物并不容易,
but every now and then, 但时不时,
it arrives wholesale. 它批发到达.
And when it does, 当它发生时,
a growing young animal needs to be ready to capitalize. 成长中的小动物需要准备好资本化.
Until now,the brown bears have been surviving on grass and clams. 到目前为止,棕熊一直靠草地和蛤蜊生存.
But they need to fatten up for the coming winter, 但是他们需要为即将到来的冬天增肥,
and we all know what that means. 我们都知道这意味着什么.
Salmon. 鲑鱼
They're on their annual migration, 他们每年都在迁徙,
leaving the sea to swim upriver 离开大海向上游游去
to freshwater spawning grounds. 到淡水产卵场.
It's the great food bonanza that every bear here 这里的每只熊都能享受到丰富的食物
has been waiting all year for. 已经等了一年了.
All the bears need to pile on vital pounds 所有的熊都需要增加重要的体重
for their long winter hibernation. 为了他们漫长的冬眠.
They'll gorge on the salmon, 他们会狼吞虎咽地吃鲑鱼,
eating up to 30 fish a day,if they can. 如果可以的话,一天最多吃30条鱼.
But competition is fierce. 但竞争是激烈的.
As these bears have no idea how long this food will last. 因为这些熊不知道这种食物能吃多久.
Once again,the family must find somewhere safer. 再一次,这个家庭必须找到更安全的地方.
Further upstream is a spot the mother knows from previous years. 更上游的地方是母亲从前些年就知道的地方.
The salmon are never guaranteed, 鲑鱼永远无法保证,
but she's hoping there will at least be a few. 但她希望至少会有一些.
And,hey,looks like there are a few. 而且,嘿,看起来有一些.
More than a few. 不止几个.
The hungry bears can't believe their eyes. 饥饿的熊不敢相信自己的眼睛.
More salmon than they could ever dream of. 比他们想象的还要多的鲑鱼.
All they have to do is catch them. 他们所要做的就是抓住他们.
It's been a year since the mother fished here. 母亲在这里钓鱼已经一年了.
She's out of practice. 她不练习了.
It's so frustrating.The cubs were expecting to score big. 太令人沮丧了.小熊队希望能取得好成绩.
But try,try again, 但是再试一次,再试一次,
and they finally get what they've waited so long for... 他们终于得到了他们期待已久的...
A salmon supper. 鲑鱼晚餐.
With so many fish,the bigger bears have no need to fight. 有这么多鱼,大的熊没有必要打架.
The growing cubs will finally get their chance to eat 成长中的幼崽最终将有机会进食
until they can't eat anymore. 直到他们不能再吃了.
The bears will keep feeding for as long as the salmon keep coming. 只要鲑鱼继续来,熊就会继续进食.
They'll eat 90% of their entire year's food 他们将吃掉全年食物的90%
in just a few weeks, 几周后,
piling on fat that will keep them alive 堆积脂肪让他们活下去
through their winter hibernation. 通过他们的冬眠.
In the Sri Lankan ruins, 在斯里兰卡的废墟上,
monsoon rains have let loose 雨季的雨水已经散去了
a different kind of free-for-all. 一种完全不同的免费服务.
Thousands of winged termites are 成千上万的有翅膀的白蚁正在死亡
taking to the air to found new colonies. 乘飞机去寻找新的殖民地.
The macaques are literally engulfed by them, 猕猴真的被它们吞没了,
so they hardly need to expend any energy 所以他们几乎不需要花费任何精力
snatching up this potent source of protein. 抢夺这种蛋白质的有效来源.
This incredible flying feast occurs only once a year, 这场难以置信的飞行盛宴每年只举行一次,
and lasts just a few hours, 只持续几个小时,
so the troop must savor the moment while it lasts. 因此,部队必须在这一时刻持续的时候好好享受.
Seasonal rains in the chimpanzees' jungle home 黑猩猩丛林家园的季节性降雨
have also brought out swarms of insects. 也带来了成群的昆虫.
But these bugs are different. 但这些错误是不同的.
These bugs bite back. 这些虫子会咬人.
A column of ferocious soldier ants with just one mission. 一群只执行一项任务的凶猛的蚂蚁士兵.
To feed an army of 50 million. 养活一支5000万人的军队.
Time to learn how to eat 是学习如何吃饭的时候了
without being eaten. 没有被吃掉.
It's a simple but ingenious trick. 这是一个简单而巧妙的把戏.
Twig-trolling. 树枝拖曳.
A long time ago,one of our little chimp's ancestors 很久以前,我们小黑猩猩的祖先之一
stumbled upon an easy way to eat ants. 偶然发现了一种吃蚂蚁的简单方法.
Make a rod from a twig, 用树枝做一根棍子,
poke it into a colony, 把它戳进一个殖民地,
and presto, 普雷斯托,
a bugsicle. 军号.
Yet another remarkable skill that's been passed down 另一项被传承下来的非凡技能
from generation to generation. 代代相传.
And this is the young chimp's generation. 这是年轻黑猩猩的一代.
It's his turn to watch and learn. 轮到他观察和学习了.
Making tools is something that 制造工具是一件
very few animals have ever managed. 很少有动物能做到这一点.
So this is a big deal for our little guy. 这对我们的小家伙来说是件大事.
Before you know it,he's mastered the trick. 在你知道之前,他已经掌握了这个把戏.
But he still has to learn 但他仍然需要学习
the troop's most advanced and most difficult skill. 这支部队最先进、最困难的技能.
As our young animals grow older, 随着我们的小动物长大,
they meet new kinds of challenges and learn new life lessons. 他们迎接新的挑战,学习新的人生课程.
Often these lessons are not so much taught to them 通常这些课程并没有教给他们太多
as they are imposed upon them by nature. 因为它们是大自然强加给它们的.
It's been a few months since the young cheetahs lost 小猎豹失踪已经有几个月了
their two brothers to the hyenas. 他们的两个兄弟是土狼.
The memory of that night still haunts the family, 那晚的记忆仍然萦绕在家人的心头,
but it has also heightened their alertness. 但这也提高了他们的警觉性.
The growing cubs have an instinctive urge 成长中的幼崽有一种本能的冲动
to practice their hunting and survival skills, 练习狩猎和生存技能,
quite separate from their mother's influence. 完全不受母亲的影响.
This includes play-fighting, 这包括打斗,
and play-hunting. 还有打猎.
Even their mother is not safe from a surprise attack. 即使是他们的母亲也不能免于突然袭击.
Climbing,on the other hand, 另一方面,攀岩,
might not seem like a very useful skill for a cheetah. 对于猎豹来说,这似乎不是一项非常有用的技能.
But their mother knows it's a crucial skill. 但他们的母亲知道这是一项至关重要的技能.
A cat that can't defeat its enemy 不能打败敌人的猫
with sheer strength needs a Plan B. 纯粹的力量需要一个B计划.
Next time the hyenas come calling, 下次鬣狗来叫的时候,
the cubs will have a chance. 小熊队将有机会.
Not very far away, 不远,,
our young lion is about to encounter 我们的小狮子即将遇到
a threat from inside the family. 来自家庭内部的威胁.
Unlike the cheetahs,it's his large pride 与猎豹不同的是,这是他的骄傲
that has kept him safe and well-fed, 这让他很安全,吃得很饱,
but that's about to end. 但这就要结束了.
His father has mating rights to all the pride females, 他父亲对所有骄傲的女性都有交配权,
and will kill to protect them. 为了保护他们会杀人.
The young male is now two years old 这名年轻男子现在两岁
and will soon want his own pride. 他很快就会想要自己的骄傲.
This makes him a potential threat to his father, 这使他成为他父亲的潜在威胁,
who consequently forces him out. 他因此把他赶了出去.
It's a pivotal and painful moment in a young lion's life. 这是年轻狮子一生中一个关键而痛苦的时刻.
But he's not alone. 但他并不孤单.
All his male cousins of the same age are banished as well. 他所有同龄的表兄弟姐妹也被放逐.
The young cheetahs are also facing a critical test. 年轻的猎豹也面临着严峻的考验.
The day they've been dreading has arrived. 他们害怕的日子已经到来.
The hyenas are back. 鬣狗回来了.
By now the cubs have learned what the mother has always known. 到目前为止,幼崽们已经学会了母亲一直知道的事情.
These intruders aren't just scavengers, 这些入侵者不仅仅是清道夫,
they're deadly efficient hunters. 他们是非常有效率的猎人.
Once again,the mother leads the defense. 母亲再一次领导了辩护.
But this time,she's not alone. 但这一次,她并不孤单.
The hyenas attempt to outflank the mother and separate her cubs. 鬣狗试图包抄母鬣狗并将其幼崽分开.
One brave young cub risks her life 一只勇敢的幼崽冒着生命危险
to back up her mother. 支持她母亲.
Giving her sisters just enough time 给她的姐妹们足够的时间
to escape up a tree to safety. 从树上逃到安全的地方.
Plan B has worked. B计划奏效了.
Hyenas can't climb trees. 鬣狗不能爬树.
When the coast is clear,the sisters re-join their mother. 当海岸晴朗时,姐妹们重新回到母亲身边.
They have every right to celebrate. 他们完全有权利庆祝.
But there will be more battles to come. 但未来还会有更多的战斗.
At least now they know they can outmaneuver their foes. 至少现在他们知道他们可以战胜敌人.
The young lions,on the other hand,are struggling to get by. 另一方面,年轻的狮子正在挣扎着生存.
With no mothers to hunt for them, 因为没有母亲去寻找它们,
only one in eight males make it to adulthood. 只有八分之一的男性能进入成年.
Suddenly,the cheetah cubs' chances 突然,猎豹幼崽的机会
don't look quite so bad. 别那么难看.
It's the height of the dry season, 这是旱季的高峰,
a time of frequent grass fires. 经常发生草地火灾的时期.
The herds of big game have moved on. 成群的大型猎物已经离开了.
There are no easy pickings for open-range predators. 对于野外捕食者来说,没有容易的选择.
The outcast lions are starving. 被遗弃的狮子正在挨饿.
Our young male suddenly spots something. 我们的年轻男性突然发现了什么.
A sign from above. 上面的标志.
Wherever there are vultures, 无论哪里有秃鹫,
there is food nearby. 附近有食物.
A rotting carcass isn't the meal he was hoping for. 腐烂的尸体不是他想要的食物.
But he's desperate. 但他绝望了.
He and his cousins will eat anything at this point. 他和他的堂兄弟会在这个时候吃任何东西.
He must face three more years in the wilderness 他必须在荒野中再待三年
before he's big enough to rule. 在他大到可以统治之前.
The question is,can he survive that long? 问题是,他能活那么久吗？
The Toque macaques are about to face their own dire threat. 托克猕猴即将面临自己的可怕威胁.
The rocks above their home have been 他们家上方的岩石被破坏了
taken over by a competing troop. 被一支相互竞争的部队接管.
These battle-scarred fighters want the fruit trees 这些伤痕累累的战士想要果树
of the temple grounds for themselves. 为他们自己建造了一座寺庙.
And they'll go to war to get them. 他们会为了得到他们而去打仗.
The two sides scope each other out. 双方互相审视.
Lookouts alert the big males to man 了望员提醒高大的雄性动物注意人类
the front lines as the intruders move in. 当入侵者进入时,前线会被封锁.
The little ones are whisked off to safety. 孩子们被迅速送到安全的地方.
All the monkeys work together 所有的猴子一起工作
to defend against the enemy troop. 防御敌军.
It's another vital benefit of living in a big group. 这是生活在一个大群体中的另一个重要好处.
The home troop aren't just defending their food. 母国军队不仅仅是在保卫他们的食物.
If they're defeated,the invaders 如果他们被打败,入侵者
may force them into a life of servitude. 可能会迫使他们过上奴役的生活.
Like most animals,the monkeys will 像大多数动物一样,猴子也会
avoid violent fights if they can. 尽可能避免暴力冲突.
Facial warnings and body postures 面部警告和身体姿势
tell the opposition to back off or else. 告诉反对者退后,否则.
These gestures are a way of assessing who's strongest 这些手势是评估谁最强的一种方式
without starting a battle. 不发动战斗.
But when negotiations break down... 但当谈判破裂时...
It's all-out war. 这是一场全面战争.
The sides are evenly matched. 双方势均力敌.
Only the troop leaders can decide the outcome. 只有部队领导才能决定结果.
The home team holds its ground 主队坚守阵地
and repels the invaders. 击退入侵者.
But not everyone is celebrating. 但并不是每个人都在庆祝.
This little guy has lost his protector, 这个小家伙失去了他的保护者,
the troop leader. 队长.
His injured comrades scan the battlefield. 他受伤的同志们扫视战场.
But he's nowhere to be found. 但他却无处可寻.
But then, 但是,,
from the wake of the enemy's retreat, 从敌人撤退后,
the troop's brave leader emerges. 部队的勇敢领袖出现了.
And returns to his young protege's side. 回到他年轻的门徒身边.
This little monkey has been through a lot of ups and downs 这只小猴子经历了很多风风雨雨
for such a young age. 这么小的年纪.
But for now, 但是现在,,
his future looks safe. 他的未来看起来很安全.
Deep within the African rainforest, 在非洲雨林深处,
a great secret is about to be revealed. 一个大秘密即将被揭露.
Our young chimpanzee is about to 我们的小黑猩猩快要死了
discover an extraordinary use of tools, 发现工具的非凡用途,
invented centuries ago,by an inspired chimp, 几个世纪前由一只受启发的黑猩猩发明,
and passed down through the generations. 代代相传.
Unlike chimps in other parts of Africa, 与非洲其他地区的黑猩猩不同,
these chimps have discovered how to break open nuts. 这些黑猩猩发现了如何敲开坚果.
Which is a lot harder than it looks. 这比看起来难多了.
Only the right set of tools will do. 只有正确的工具集才行.
First you need a steady base that holds the nut in place. 首先,你需要一个稳固的底座来固定螺母.
Then you need the right kind of hammer. 那你需要合适的锤子.
The troop leader has his own special hand-and-foot technique 队长有自己独特的手足技术
that puts other nut-crackers to shame. 这让其他胡桃夹子相形见绌.
But he's happy to show the young up-and-comers how it's done. 但他很高兴向年轻的后起之秀展示这是如何做到的.
And having just turned three years old, 刚满三岁,
it's this little guy's turn to learn the art. 轮到这个小家伙学习艺术了.
He's got himself a nice,big nut. 他给自己买了一个又好又大的坚果.
And he's decided to go with a wooden hammer. 他决定用一把木锤.
No one's told him yet 还没人告诉他
that wood is not the best material for cracking nuts. 那种木头不是使坚果开裂的最好材料.
That's it.He's found a good,sharp rock. 就这样.他找到了一块锋利的好石头.
Normally it doesn't take this long. 通常不会花这么长时间.
Cracked it.Good job. 破解它.干得好
The most experienced adults don't expend so much energy. 最有经验的成年人不会花那么多精力.
They know larger rocks mean fewer strikes. 他们知道更大的岩石意味着更少的罢工.
But large tools will crack more than nuts. 但大型工具比螺母更容易开裂.
It will take years 这需要几年的时间
before our young chimp is as good as the adults. 在我们年轻的黑猩猩和成年人一样优秀之前.
But he's on the learning curve, 但他在学习曲线上,
and well on his way to mastering this remarkable skill 在掌握这项非凡技能的过程中
that so few have cracked. 很少有人破绽.
All of our extraordinary young animals have gone on to live 我们所有非凡的小动物都活了下来
full but challenging lives. 充实但充满挑战的生活.
In Alaska,the bear cubs' first year was a true test 在阿拉斯加,小熊的第一年是一次真正的考验
and they passed with flying colors. 他们飞驰而过.
The great salmon feast fattened them up 大马哈鱼盛宴使他们发胖
in preparation for winter. 为冬天做准备.
Without it, 没有它,
they would not have survived here. 他们不可能在这里生存.
The cubs would eventually learn how to find food on their own, 幼崽最终将学会如何自己寻找食物,
but would still rely on their mother's protection 但仍将依靠母亲的保护
for another two years. 再过两年.
They continue to grow stronger 他们继续变得更强大
and more adventurous with the passing of the seasons. 随着季节的流逝,它变得更加冒险.
But when the first heavy snows of the year arrive, 但是当今年第一场大雪来临时,
it's always time to return to the high mountains 是时候回到高山上去了
to dig a den 挖洞
and settle in for the long winter months of hibernation. 在漫长的冬眠中安顿下来.
On the African plains, 在非洲平原,
the male lions survived their harsh years in exile. 雄狮在流放的艰苦岁月中幸存了下来.
By the age of five,they were powerful young adults, 到五岁时,他们已经是强大的年轻人,
ready to fight for a pride and kingdom of their own. 准备为自己的骄傲和王国而战.
They entered a land ruled by two old warrior brothers. 他们进入了一片由两位老战士兄弟统治的土地.
One of them,aging and frail, 其中一个,年老体弱,
didn't have the heart for a fight. 不忍心打架.
His tenacious brother was left to face the strong young males alone. 他那顽强的弟弟只能独自面对强壮的年轻男性.
Together,they ran him off and became the new lion kings. 他们一起把他赶走,成为新的狮子王.
The three cheetah cubs stayed with their mother 三只小猎豹和它们的妈妈呆在一起
until they were a year-and-a-half old. 直到他们一岁半.
But they had one final test before they reached independence. 但他们在独立前进行了最后一次测试.
Could they hunt for themselves? 他们能自己打猎吗？
Against overwhelming odds, 在势不可挡的情况下,
their mother had raised three mighty young cheetahs 他们的母亲养了三只强壮的小猎豹
who were ready to make their own way in the wild. 他们准备在野外走自己的路.
The macaques would again be threatened 猕猴将再次受到威胁
but never defeated by their neighboring rivals. 但从未被邻国对手击败.
And with the troop leader to show him the way, 还有部队领导给他指路,
the lowly monkey would grow up 这只卑微的猴子会长大的
to have a family of his own. 有一个自己的家庭.
And finally,in the great rainforest, 最后,在大雨林,
it would take 20 more years, 还需要20年的时间,
but the young chimpanzee would eventually master 但这只年轻的黑猩猩最终会掌握
all of his ancestors' skills 他祖先所有的技能
and live to become 并且活着成为
one of the wisest elders of his troop. 他手下最聪明的长老之一.